Hannig, Ranier, ßöÄGroes Handwrterbuch gyptisch-Deutsch [very good Middle Egyptian-German dictionary, though without source references for expressions]

Hannig, Rainer, and Petra Vomberg, ÄWortschatz der Pharaonen in Sachgruppen: Kulturhandbuch gyptens [Companion volume to the Großes Handwörterbuch, with words grouped according to subjects]

Faulkner, Raymond O., A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian [though not as complete as Hannig's dictionary, still the only Middle Egyptian-English dictionary presently available]

Shennum, David, English-Egyptian Index of Faulkner's Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian [the closest thing to an English-Middle Egyptian dictionary that exists. A good companion to Faulkner's dictionary]

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Manniche, Lise, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal

Maniche, Lise, Sacred Luxuries: Fragrance, Aromatherapy, and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt

Jan Assmann, Ägyptische Hymnen und Gebete, c. 1999 [available from Universitätsverlag, Pérolles 42, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, eduni@st-paul.ch , attention Othmar Keel]

Assmann, Jan, Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom [contains hymns to Amun and Ra], London, Kegan Paul International, c. 1995.

Barucq, André and François Daumas, Hymnes et Prieres de l'Égypte Ancienne, Paris, Les Éditions du Cerf, c. 1980.

Foster, John L., Hymns, Prayers and Songs: An Anthology of Ancient Egyptian Lyric Poetry

Kitchen, Kenneth A., Poetry of Ancient Egypt

Lichtheim, Miriam, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol. I: The Old and Middle Kingdom [hymns and prayers included along with other texts]

Lichtheim, Miriam, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol. II: The New Kingdom [hymns and prayers included along with other texts]

Lichtheim, Miriam, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol. III: The Late Period [hymns and prayers included along with other texts]

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Breasted, James Henry. Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt. New York, 1912. This book transcribes a number of lectures J.H. Breasted, founder of the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute, offered his students of Kemetic culture. Breasted is sometimes considered the father of American Egyptology, and rightly so. This book is one of the most concise and nonbiased treatises on the subject - unlike some of his early 20th Century colleagues, Breasted is able to put aside Western/Christian biases and examine Kemetic thought in its own perspective. [It is however unfortunate that like his colleagues, his ability to look beyond bias does not appear to have extended to his understanding of the indigenous Africanness of that Kemetic culture.] Highly recommended.

Hart, George. A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Routledge, 1986 .ISBN 0-415-05909-7. An encyclopedic look at the Names of Netjer in alphabetical order. Not exhaustive by any means, but handy, easily accessible and better than Budge.

Hornung, Erik; [translated from German by John Baines].

Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and The Many. Cornell University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8014-1223-4. A thought-provoking look at the philosophy behind Kemetic religion, Kemetic concepts of Deity, and their contribution to the development of other world religions and philosophies, masterfully translated from the original German by Egyptologist John Baines. Not for beginners. Very highly recommended.

Lesko, Barbara S. The Great Goddesses of Egypt. University of Oklahoma (Norman) Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8061-3202-7. A refreshing indepth study of some of the female Names: Nut, Nit, Nekhebet/Wadjet, Hethert, Mut; and their temples and clergy, by an accredited Egyptologist, but written for a wider general audience. Borders on feminist preachiness here and there, but otherwise an excellent, well-thought out resource for those interested in the feminine aspects of Kemetic deity.

Meeks, Dimitri and Christine Favard; [translated from French by G. M. Goshgarian]. Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-801-43115-8. The next groundbreaking book since Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt, Daily Life may well replace Hornung as the most comprehensive study on Kemetic theology. The Meeks take an interesting perspective, which is to present the Names of Netjer as if they were a people and the book were an anthropological study of a living tribe. Covers the philosophical intricacies of ancient Egyptian religion as well as some of the hard facts: rites, temples, priesthood, and the three-tiered calendrical system tied into the festival days of the Names. May not be for beginners, but is more accessible than Hornung. Available both in hardback and paperback. Highly recommended.

Morenz, Siegfried. [translated from German] Egyptian Religion. Cornell Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8014-8029-9. A wonderful discussion of Kemetic religion from both theological and philosophical perspectives. Not an easy book to read, but a valuable one; I believe it to be superior to Henri Frankfort's book of the same title.

Piankoff, A. Mythological Papyri. Bollingen Series, Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations, 1957. Out of print. A collection of funerary papyri from a cache of tombs for priests of the Name of Netjer known as Amen-Ra. A book with a transcription of hieroglyphs and their English translation is accompanied by more than 30 full reproductions of the papyri being discussed, several in color. Rare but useful information regarding different manifestations of Netjer and New Kingdom/Late Period funerary literature.

Ritner, Robert Kriech. The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization #54, 1993. ISBN 0-918986-756-3. Perhaps the most ambitious study of ancient Egyptian "magic" to date, Ritner's dissertation is a compendium of source material for the structure and form of rites practiced in Kemet. While materials are limited for periods before the end of the New Kingdom (an issue for all Egyptology), Ritner has done a spectacular job of bringing together diverse symbolic, physical and theological points of interest, from the use of prayer for medicinal purposes to execration, blessing, divination and other ritual as "magic." Not for beginners; as a dissertation it expects readers to be familiar with a number of Kemetic philosophical arguments, and passages are rendered in hieroglyph, hieratic, demotic, Arabic, Coptic and European languages without translation.

Rundle-Clark, R.T. Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27112-7. A concise discussion of the theology of Kemet as well as its differing myth cycles, symbolic language, cosmology, etc.

Schafer, Byron E., ed. Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths and Personal Practice. Cornell University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8014-2550-6. A collection of scholarly papers on Kemetic religion, sacred kingship and conceptions of Netjer.

Siuda, Rev. Tamara. (published as Tamara Siuda-Legan) The Neteru of Kemet: An Introduction. Eschaton Productions, 1994. ISBN 1-57353-105-7. A useful beginner's reference to Netjer and Kemetic religion. Includes hymns and meditations.

Wilkinson, Richard H. Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture. Thames & Hudson, 1992. ISBN 0-500-27751-6. First in a series of two excellent books, Wilkinson walks the reader through Gardiner's hieroglyphic sign-list, explaining the symbolic and artistic uses of each symbol with illustrated and/or photographed examples. Highly recommended.

Symbol & Magic in Egyptian Art. Thames & Hudson, 1994. ISBN 0-500-23663-1. Expanding on the basic ideas of Reading Egyptian Art, Wilkinson's second book delves into other symbologies and iconographies of Egyptian art, including the canon of proportion, color palette, materials used, shapes, relative size and other artistic/stylistic elements, explaining his points with photographs of actual objects, Kemetic temples, tombs and papyri. Very highly recommended.

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Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 1994. ISBN 0-500-05074-0. Exactly as the title suggests, this coffee-table book is a perfect crash course in Kemetic history, going through the lines of rulers from the shadowy Horus Qaa, Scorpion and Nar-mer to the last of the Ptolemies, Cleopatra VII. Plenty of pictures, charts and information for any Egyptophile, and remarkably error-free for a mass-market book. Highly recommended.

Erman, Adolf. Life in Ancient Egypt. Dover Publications, 1971. ISBN 0-486-22632-8. Though I disagree at several points with Erman's observations, and most notably with what seems to be a racist interpretation of the African heritage of Kemet (bear in mind that Erman was a product of his time), this book offers a concise overview of Kemetic life and suggested areas for study. Erman himself notes that all he wanted to do was set a foundation upon which later scholars could build; and he's done a superb job. See Trigger et al, below, for a worthy successor.

Gardiner, Sir Alan. Egyptian Grammar: Being An Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1957 (3rd ed., 1988). ISBN 0-900416-35-1. The authority in college courses, Gardiner's book remains the best comprehensive resource on learning to write and read hieroglyphs (Old through Middle Kingdom), though a worthy successor by professor James Hoch is in the works and should be available by the end of 1998. Gardiner's tome is expensive ($70 at this writing) but essential for the serious student of Kemetic language and the hieroglyphic script.

Lefkowitz, Mary. Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History. HarperCollins, 1997. ISBN 0-4650-9838-X. Also available in hardcover from another publisher. A stunning essay on Afrocentrism and revisionist history which attacks both sides of the argument and addresses the reasons behind the "Egyptian stolen legacy" myth, the origins of the myth of the "Egyptian mystery religion," and a number of other current issues in Egyptology. A must for anyone involved in the field of Egyptology, history or classics. Sure to generate as much controversy as its subject.

Parker, R.A. The Calendars of Ancient Egypt. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1950. Out of print. A detailed comparison of different papyri and texts to complete a calendar of Kemet, with festivals, etc. Compares the three different types of Kemetic calendars as well (solar/lunar/civil).

Romer, John. Ancient Lives: Daily Life in Egypt of the Pharaohs. Henry Holt & Company, 1984. ISBN 0-8050-1244-3. A social history of one well-documented Kemetic community: the New Kingdom to Late Period "City of the Artisans" at Deir el-Medina outside the Valley of the Kings at modern-day Luxor. Useful for a glimpse of the lives of the families of one village across several centuries, and Romer's nonscholarly style will engage even a beginner.

Snowden, Jr., Frank M. Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience. Belknap-Harvard, 1970. ISBN 0-674-07626-5. An excellent treatment of the subject of Africans, including ancient Egyptians, in the classical Mediterranean world: their function and expression in Greco-Roman history, their contributions to classical culture, etc. An important and often overlooked subject.

Trigger, B.G.; Kemp, B.J.; O'Connor, D.; and Lloyd, A.B. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cambridge University Press, 1983. What Erman began for the study of Kemetic culture with Life in Ancient Egypt, this team of scholars brings full circle. Chronologically arranged from Predynastic to Late Periods, this book details the social structure of Kemetic life as evidenced through hard data (archaeological finds, study of bodies, structures, texts and other contemporary societies). One of the most useful introductions to Kemetic culture in print. Additionally important is its detailed history of Nubia, and Kemet's relation to other African nations before and after its time, not often seen in Egyptology books.

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Literature

Foster, John L., trans. Echoes of Egyptian Voices: An Anthology of Ancient Egyptian Poetry. University of Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture Volume 12, 1992. ISBN 0-8061-2411-3. Out of print. A collection of poetry including love songs, hymns and wisdom literature spanning Kemet's history, rendered in beautiful modern English prose. Highly recommended.

Greger, C. Shana. Cry of the Benu Bird: An Egyptian Creation Story. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1996. ISBN 0-395-73573-4. This wonderfully illustrated (by the author) modern interpretation of the An (Heliopolis) creation story of Tem (Atum) is a beautiful little book to share with children or the young at heart.

Karenga, Maulana. Selections from the Husia: Sacred Wisdom of Ancient Egypt. University of Sankore Press, 1989. ISBN 0-9434-1206-4. Maulana Karenga, the founder of the African-American winter holiday called Kwanzaa, has put together a very good collection of Kemetic texts in the Husia, (a word Karenga coined from Hu and Sia, the two guardians of Ra) an anthology of ancient Egyptian wisdom texts, hymns and other spiritual works. As part of Karenga's project to create one central source for African spirituality texts, this book is a wonderful addition to any Kemetic or African or spiritual/religious library. A disappointment is that he appears not to have done his own translations from the hieroglyphs but to have relied on other authors' translations - perhaps in a future version Karenga will take his own turn at translating the ancient texts, as his current paraphrases are insightful and uplifting.

Lichtheim, Miriam, transl. Ancient Egyptian Literature. (3 volumes). University of California Press, 1976. ISBN 0-520-03615-8. A collection of Kemetic literature arranged chronologically in three volumes: Old and Middle Kingdoms, The New Kingdom, and Late Period and beyond. Covers well-known Kemetic religious and philosophical texts and includes poetry, short stories and instructional literature. Highly recommended.

Parkinson, R.B. Voices from Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8061-2362-1. A collection of writings from Kemet's Middle Kingdom, including hymns, short stories, letters (even "hate mail"!) and magical formulae. An interesting look at one period of Kemetic history from its own literature, with good interpretations alongside the texts. Highly recommended.

Piankoff, A. Mythological Papyri. Bollingen Series, Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations, 1957. Out of print. A collection of funerary papyri from a cache of tombs for priests of the Name of Netjer known as Amen-Ra. A book with a transcription of hieroglyphs and their English translation is accompanied by more than 30 full reproductions of the papyri being discussed, several in color. Rare but useful information regarding different manifestations of Netjer and New Kingdom/Late Period funerary literature.

The Litany of Ra. Bollingen Series, Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations, 1957. Out of print. This Bollingen volume features the Great Litany of Ra and other solar hymns, as well as a description of the Senet-board (considered to be one of the world's first board games but attributed with a religious context by ancient sources) from a theological perspective.

Sabuda, Robert, writer & illustrator. Tutankhamen's Gift. Atheneum Books for Young Readers/Simon & Schuster, 1994. ISBN 0-689-31818-9. Another wonderful book for children, Tutankhamen's Gift tells a story of the 18th Dynasty boy-king and how he righted wrongs committed against Netjer by his predecessor, Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten. A fresh look at a still-controversial period of Kemetic history.

Simpson, William Kelly, ed. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instruction and Poetry. Yale University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-300-01711-1. Another anthology of Kemetic texts, collected from different Egyptologists' translations. Often used as a textbook in college courses and a good selection of material from different time periods in Kemetic history.

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Allen, T.G., trans. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth By Day: Ideas of the Ancient Egyptians concerning the hereafter as expressed in their own terms. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization #37, 1974. ISBN 226-6240-2. This is the best direct English translation currently available of all known source texts collectively referred to as the "Book of the Dead."

Ellis, Normandi. Awakening Osiris: The Egyptian Book of the Dead.. Phanes Press. A retranslation of the contents of Papyrus Ani into modern English, with additional chapters written by the author. Not a scholarly text (Ellis bases her work on a paraphrase of the work of Sir E. A. Wallis Budge), but thought-provoking and beautiful. An audio version is available.

Faulkner, R.O., trans. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1990. ISBN 0-292-70425-9. Another direct translation, this one containing full-color reproductions from different papyri. More accessible than Allen due to its chapter-and-paragraph layout. Highly recommended.

The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1978. Out of print. A volumes-long look at the Middle Kingdom funerary texts painted onto the tops and sides of coffins.

The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. Out of print. Before the Book of the Dead and the Coffin Texts, there were the Pyramid Texts, enigmatic funerary formulas for the transition of the deceased Old Kingdom ruler into the afterworld. These are some of Kemet's oldest surviving religious texts. A paperback version of this compilation is sporadically available; if you see one, pick it up, as the book is hard to find.

The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth By Day: The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete Papyrus of Ani, featuring integrated texts and full color images. Chronicle Books, San Francisco, 1994. ISBN 0-8118-0767-3. The title says it all: a retranslation and new presentation of Papyrus Ani, in the correct sequence and with the reproductions of the papyrus corresponding to where the words are. Corrects many of Budge's mistakes, and has wondrous commentary. A must for any Kemetic library. Oversized.

Piankoff, A. The Pyramid Texts of Unas. Bollingen Series, Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations, 1957. Out of print. Comprising another volume in Bollingen's set of reproductions/translations of Kemetic texts, the Pyramid Texts of Unas are perhaps the best known and most complete of the Pyramid Texts. Highly recommended.